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Orders of magnitude (numbers)
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Everything about 1 E12 totally explainedThis list compares various sizes of positive numbers, including counts of things, dimensionless numbers and probabilities. Each number is given a name in the so called short scale which is used in English speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale which is used in a series of countries that don't have English as their national language.
Smaller than 10-36
- Computing: The number 5 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a double-precision IEEE floating-point value.
- Computing: The number 1.4 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value.
10-36
(0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001; 1000 -12; short scale: one undecillionth, long scale: one sextillionth)
10-33
(0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001; 1000 -11; short scale: one decillionth, long scale: one quintilliardth)
10-30
(0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001; 1000 -10; short scale: one nonillionth, long scale: one quintillionth)
10-27
(0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001; 1000 -9; short scale: one octillionth, long scale: one quadrilliardth)
10-24
(0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 001; 1000 -8; short scale: one septillionth long scale: one quadrillionth)
ISO: yocto- (y)
Chemistry: The mass of one carbon-12 atom is roughly 1.9926 grams based on Avogadro's number.
10-21
(0.000 000 000 000 000 000 001; 1000-7; short scale: one sextillionth, long scale: one trilliardth)
ISO: zepto- (z)
10-18
(0.000 000 000 000 000 001; 1000-6; short scale: one quintillionth, long scale: one trillionth)
ISO: atto- (a)
10-15
(0.000 000 000 000 001; 1000-5; short scale: one quadrillionth, long scale: one billiardth)
ISO: femto- (f)
10-12
(0.000 000 000 001; 1000-4; short scale: one trillionth, long scale: one billionth)
ISO: pico- (p)
Mathematics: Roughly the chances of getting heads 40 times in a row on a fair coin.
10-9
(0.000 000 001; 1000-3; short scale: one billionth; long scale: one milliardth)
ISO: nano- (n)
Mathematics - Lottery: The odds of winning the Grand Prize (matching all 6 numbers) in the US Powerball Multistate Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2006, are 146,107,962 to 1 against, for a probability of 7.
Mathematics - Lottery: The odds of winning the Jackpot (matching the 6 main numbers) in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 13,983,816 to 1 against, for a probability of 7.
Physics: The time it takes light to travel 1 meter in a vacuum is approximately 3.3356 seconds. The time it takes light to travel 1 Foot (length) in a vacuum is approximately 1.0167 seconds.
10-6
(0.000 001; 1000-2; long and short scales: one millionth)
ISO: micro- (μ)
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt a royal flush in poker are 649,739 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.5 × 10-6
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt a straight flush (other than a royal flush) in poker are 72,192 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10-5
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt a four of a kind in poker are 4,164 to 1 against, for a probability of 2.4 × 10-4
10-3
(0.001; 1000-1; one thousandth)
ISO: milli- (m)
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt a full house in poker are 693 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.4 × 10-3
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt a flush in poker are 507.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 1.9 × 10-3
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt a straight in poker are 253.8 to 1 against, for a probability of 4 × 10-3
Physics: α = 0.007 297 352 533(27), the fine-structure constant
10-2
(0.01; one hundredth)
ISO: centi- (c)
BioMed - HIV: About 1.2% of all 15–49 year-old humans were infected with HIV at the end of 2001
Mathematics - Lottery: The odds of winning any prize in the UK National Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2003, are 54 to 1 against, for a probability of about 0.018 (1.8%)
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt a three of a kind in poker are 46 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.021 (2.1%)
Mathematics - Lottery: The odds of winning any prize in the US Powerball Multistate Lottery, with a single ticket, under the rules as of 2006, are 36.61 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.027 (2.7%)
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt two pair in poker are 20 to 1 against, for a probability of 0.048 (4.8%).
10-1
(0.1; one tenth)
ISO: deci- (d)
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against (2.37 to 1), for a probability of 0.42 (42%).
Mathematics - Poker: The odds of being dealt no pair in poker are nearly 1 to 2, for a probability of about 0.5 (50%)
100
(1; one)
Mathematics: φ ≈ 1.6180339887, the golden ratio
Mathematics: e ≈ 2.718281828459045, the base of the natural logarithm
Mathematics: π ≈ 3.14159265358979, the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter
BioMed: 7 ± 2, in cognitive science, George A. Miller's estimate of the number of objects that can be simultaneously held in working memory
Astronomy: 8 planets in the solar system
101
(10; ten)
ISO: deca- (da)
Human scale: there are 10 fingers on a pair of human hands, and 10 toes on a pair of human feet.
Language: there are 26 letters in the Latin alphabet in the English language
102
(100; hundred)
ISO: hecto- (h)
Computing: There are 128 characters in the ASCII character set.
Geo: There were 192 member states of the United Nations as of 2006.
103
(1 000; thousand)
ISO: kilo- (k)
Language: 2000–3000 letters on a typical typed page of text
BioMed: the DNA of the simplest viruses has some 5000 base pairs.
Language: There are about 6500 mutually unintelligible languages and dialects.
104
(10 000; ten thousand or a myriad)
BioMed: Each neuron in the human brain is estimated to connect to 10,000 others
Language: There are 20,000–40,000 distinct Chinese characters, depending on how one counts them
BioMed: Each human being is estimated to have 30,000 to 40,000 genes
Records: As of July 2004, the largest number of decimal places of π that have been recited from memory - > 42000
Mathematics: 65537 is the largest known Fermat prime
105
(100 000; one hundred thousand or a lakh)
BioMed - Strands of hair on a head: The average human head has about 100,000–150,000 strands of hair
Mathematics: 110,000 - The approximate number of entries on The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences as of August 2005 (External Link )
Language: 267,000 words in James Joyce's Ulysses
Language - English words: The New Oxford Dictionary of English contains about 350,000 definitions for English words
Mathematics: 365,596 solutions to n-Queens Problem for n = 14
Language: 564,000 words in War and Peace
Info: The FreeDB database has around 1 750 000 entries as of June 2005
106
(1 000 000; 10002; long and short scales: one million)
ISO: mega- (M)
BioMed - Species: The World Resources Institute claims that approximately 1.4 million species have been named, out of an unknown number of total species (estimates range between 2 and 100 million species)
Info - Web sites: as of early 2008, the Wikipedia contains approximately 2,192,000 articles in the English language
Mathematics - Chess: There are 2 279 184 solutions to n-Queens Problem for n = 15
Mathematics - Playing cards: There are 2 598 960 different 5-card poker hands that can be dealt from a standard 52-card deck.
Geography/Computing - Geographic places: The NIMA GEOnet Names Server contains approximately 3.88 million named geographical features outside the United States, with 5.34 million names. The USGS Geographic Names Information System claims to have almost 2 million physical and cultural geographic features within the United States
Mathematics: 14,772,512 solutions to n-Queens Problem for n = 16
Info - Web sites: as of July 2003, the Netcraft web survey estimates that there are 42 million distinct web sites
Mathematics: 95,815,104 solutions to n-Queens Problem for n = 17
Info - Books: The British Library claims that it holds over 150 million items. The Library of Congress claims that it holds approximately 119 million items. See The Gutenberg Galaxy
Mathematics: 215,000,000 - The approximate number of mathematical constants collected on the Plouffe's Inverter as of August 2005 (External Link)
Mathematics: 275,305,224 is the number of 5x5 normal magic squares, not counting rotations and reflections. This result was found in 1973 by Richard Schroeppel. It is the third 91768409-gonal number.
Mathematics: 358,833,097 stellations of the rhombic triacontahedron
Demographics: approx. 402,000,000 native speakers of English
Astronomy - Cataloged stars: The Guide Star Catalog II has entries on 998,402,801 distinct astronomical objects
109
(1 000 000 000; 10003; short scale: one billion; long scale: one milliard or 1000 million)
ISO: giga- (G)
Demographics - India: 1,096,000,000 - approximate population of India in 2007
Demographics - China: 1,311,000,000 - approximate population of the People's Republic of China in 2007.
Computing - Computational limit of a 32-bit CPU: 2 147 483 647 is equal to 231−1, and as such is the largest number which can fit into a signed (two's complement) 32-bit integer on a computer, thus marking the upper computational limit of a 32-bit CPU such as Intel's Pentium-class computer chips.
Mathematics: 2,147,483,647 is a Mersenne prime.
BioMed - base pairs in the genome: approximately 3 base pairs in the human genome
Computing - IPv4: 4,294,967,296 (232) possible unique IP addresses.
Computing: 4,294,967,296 - the number of bytes in 4 gibibytes; in computation, the 32-bit computers can directly access 232 pieces of address space, this leads directly to the 4 gigabyte limit on main memory.
Mathematics: 4,294,967,297 is a Fermat number and semiprime. It is the smallest number of the form
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